Careers · job board
Actuarial roles, the exams they need, and what they pay
14 role profiles from internship to Appointed Actuary. Each card lists the exams normally required, the credential stage, a salary band, typical employers and the degree courses that prepare you — and opens a live search of real postings.
Intern / co-op · P&C pricing
Actuarial Intern — P&C Pricing
$58k
$48k–$68k · Property & Casualty
Summer or co-op placement supporting a personal-lines pricing team: rate-level indications, competitor comparisons and data pulls.
Required exams & credential
Student (1–2 exams) · 0 years experience
Day to day
- Refresh loss and premium trend exhibits
- Validate rating-factor tables against filings
- Build small Excel/Python tools for the team
- Present a capstone project to leadership
Skills
Excel · SQL basics · Python or R · Probability & interest theory
Typical employers
Travelers, Liberty Mutual, Progressive, State Farm, Allstate
Analyst · P&C pricing
Actuarial Analyst — Personal Lines Pricing
$72k
$62k–$82k · Property & Casualty
Owns rate reviews for a state or product: on-level premium, developed and trended losses, indicated change and the rate filing exhibits.
Required exams & credential
Actuarial student, 2–3 exams · 0–2 years experience
Day to day
- Run quarterly rate indications
- Answer DOI objections on filings
- Maintain class relativities and territory factors
- Monitor loss ratios vs. plan
Skills
Ratemaking (Werner & Modlin) · SQL · Python/R · Filing exhibits · Communication
Typical employers
GEICO, USAA, Nationwide, Erie, Farmers
Analyst · P&C reserving
Actuarial Analyst — Reserving
$72k
$62k–$82k · Property & Casualty
Quarterly unpaid-claim estimates on Schedule P triangles: chain ladder, Bornhuetter–Ferguson, Cape Cod, actual-vs-expected and the Statement of Actuarial Opinion support.
Required exams & credential
Actuarial student, 2–4 exams · 0–3 years experience
Day to day
- Roll triangles and select development factors
- Actual-vs-expected on prior estimates
- Reconcile to Schedule P and the annual statement
- Document under ASOP 43
Skills
Loss development · Schedule P · Excel/R (chainladder) · ASOP 43 documentation
Typical employers
Chubb, AIG, Zurich, The Hartford, Markel
Analyst · Life valuation & ALM
Actuarial Analyst — Life Valuation (VM-20 / IFRS 17)
$70k
$60k–$80k · Life
Quarterly statutory and IFRS 17 / LDTI reserves for life and annuity blocks; assumption updates, model runs and reconciliations.
Required exams & credential
Actuarial student · 0–3 years experience
Day to day
- Run valuation models (AXIS / Prophet)
- Reserve roll-forwards and attribution
- VM-20 deterministic and stochastic reserve support
- Assumption studies (mortality, lapse)
Skills
Life contingencies · VM-20 / PBR · IFRS 17 / LDTI · Valuation software
Typical employers
Prudential, MetLife, Northwestern Mutual, Lincoln Financial, Pacific Life
Analyst · Health
Actuarial Analyst — Health Pricing & Trend
$69k
$60k–$79k · Health
Medical cost trend, group renewal rating, ACA rate filings and Medicare Advantage bid support.
Required exams & credential
Actuarial student · 0–3 years experience
Day to day
- Trend studies by service category
- Renewal rating for large groups
- ACA URRT filing exhibits
- Risk-adjustment and MLR rebate analysis
Skills
Group insurance · Trend analysis · SQL on claims data · Regulatory filings
Typical employers
UnitedHealth, Elevance, Humana, CVS/Aetna, Blue Cross plans
Analyst · Pension & retirement
Actuarial Analyst — Retirement & Pension
$67k
$58k–$77k · Pension / Retirement
Annual valuations of defined-benefit plans, funding and accounting (ASC 715 / IAS 19) disclosures and experience studies.
Required exams & credential
Actuarial student / EA track · 0–3 years experience
Day to day
- Participant data reconciliation
- Liability valuations and funding ratios
- ASC 715 disclosures
- Plan-design costing
Skills
Pension mathematics · ERISA funding rules · Excel/ProVal · Client communication
Typical employers
Mercer, Aon, WTW, Milliman, Segal
Senior analyst · P&C pricing
Senior Actuarial Analyst — Commercial Lines & Workers' Comp
$88k
$75k–$100k · Property & Casualty
Leads WC and commercial-package rate reviews: loss-cost multipliers, experience-rating plans, schedule rating, large-account pricing and credibility-weighted indications.
Required exams & credential
4–6 exams toward ACAS · 3–5 years experience
Day to day
- Class-relativity and LCM filings
- Large-account pricing with experience and schedule rating
- Mentor analysts
- Present to underwriting and product leaders
Skills
Credibility · Experience rating · GLMs · Regulatory filings · Leadership
Typical employers
Travelers, Liberty Mutual, Zurich, CNA, NCCI
Senior analyst · Actuarial data science
Actuarial Data Scientist — ML Pricing
$88k
$75k–$100k · Property & Casualty
Gradient boosting and neural models for frequency/severity, telematics scoring, explainability (SHAP) and deployment of models into rating engines.
Required exams & credential
3–5 exams, CSPA / CAS Data Science credential a plus · 2–6 years experience
Day to day
- Feature engineering on policy and telematics data
- Model validation and fairness testing
- Deploy rating models via APIs
- Explain models to actuaries and regulators
Skills
Python (scikit-learn, LightGBM, PyTorch) · MLOps · GLM benchmarking · Explainability
Typical employers
Akur8, Root, Hippo, Verisk, Guidewire, large carriers' innovation labs
Associate (ASA / ACAS) · Actuarial data science
Associate Actuary (ACAS) — Pricing & Predictive Modeling
$112k
$95k–$130k · Property & Casualty
Builds and governs GLM/GBM rating models, signs off on model documentation and turns models into filed rating algorithms.
Required exams & credential
ACAS · 4–7 years experience
Day to day
- Fit and validate frequency/severity GLMs
- Model governance and ASOP 56 documentation
- Translate models into rate tables and filings
- Review analysts' work
Skills
GLMs / GBMs · Python (statsmodels, LightGBM) · Model governance · Filing strategy
Typical employers
Progressive, Allstate, Root, Lemonade, Verisk
Associate (ASA / ACAS) · Life valuation & ALM
Associate Actuary (ASA) — ALM & Economic Scenarios
$110k
$92k–$128k · Life
Runs the economic scenario generator (GOES / AIRG), duration and convexity matching, cash-flow testing and the Asset Adequacy Memorandum.
Required exams & credential
ASA · 4–7 years experience
Day to day
- Calibrate and run scenario sets
- Cash-flow testing under the NY7 scenarios
- Duration gap and hedge analysis
- Draft Asset Adequacy Analysis memoranda
Skills
Interest-rate models · Stochastic reserves (CTE70) · ALM · Python/R
Typical employers
New York Life, MassMutual, TIAA, Athene, Milliman
Associate (ASA / ACAS) · ERM & capital
ERM & Capital Actuary (ASA / ACAS)
$118k
$100k–$138k · Consulting
Economic capital modelling, ORSA reporting, reinsurance optimisation and risk appetite: VaR / TVaR, dependency, stress and scenario testing.
Required exams & credential
ASA / ACAS, CERA preferred · 4–8 years experience
Day to day
- Run the internal capital model
- ORSA and rating-agency (BCAR / S&P) capital
- Reinsurance structure analysis
- Risk appetite dashboards
Skills
Coherent risk measures · Copulas · Capital allocation · Reinsurance
Typical employers
Swiss Re, Munich Re, Berkshire Hathaway, Guy Carpenter, Aon
Associate (ASA / ACAS) · Regulatory & audit
Regulatory Actuary — State Insurance Department
$112k
$95k–$130k · Property & Casualty
Reviews rate filings for adequacy and non-discrimination, examines reserves in financial exams and drafts model regulation.
Required exams & credential
ACAS / ASA, MAAA · 3–8 years experience
Day to day
- Review rate and rule filings
- Financial examination reserve reviews
- Consumer-impact analysis
- NAIC working-group participation
Skills
Ratemaking & reserving · Regulation · Writing · Public accountability
Typical employers
State Departments of Insurance, NAIC, Federal Insurance Office
Fellow (FSA / FCAS) · Consulting
Consulting Actuary (FSA / FCAS)
$152k
$130k–$178k · Consulting
Leads client engagements: reserve opinions, rate filings, M&A due diligence, IFRS 17 implementations and expert testimony.
Required exams & credential
FSA or FCAS · 6–12 years experience
Day to day
- Sign Statements of Actuarial Opinion
- Scope and price engagements
- Present to boards and regulators
- Develop junior consultants
Skills
Technical breadth · Client leadership · ASOP compliance · Business development
Typical employers
Milliman, Oliver Wyman, WTW, Deloitte, EY, PwC
Chief / Appointed Actuary · Leadership
Appointed / Chief Actuary
$280k
$220k–$380k · Property & Casualty
Signs the Statement of Actuarial Opinion and the Actuarial Opinion Summary, owns reserving and pricing governance and reports to the board and the domiciliary regulator.
Required exams & credential
FSA / FCAS, MAAA · 12+ years experience
Day to day
- Opinion on reserves and asset adequacy
- Board risk and capital reporting
- Regulatory examinations
- Actuarial function leadership
Skills
Governance · Regulation (NAIC, VM-20, ORSA) · Executive communication · Judgement under uncertainty
Typical employers
Insurers of every size, Reinsurers, Regulators
Salary progression at a glance
| Level | Exams typically required | P&C median | Life median | Consulting median |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intern / co-op | Exam P, Exam FM (in progress) | $58k | $56k | $60k |
| Analyst | Exam P, Exam FM, CAS MAS-I (preferred) | $72k | $70k | $75k |
| Senior analyst | Exam P, Exam FM, MAS-I, MAS-II, CAS 5 (in progress) | $88k | $86k | $92k |
| Associate (ASA / ACAS) | All CAS associateship exams (MAS-I, MAS-II, 5, 6), Online courses 1 & 2, Course on Professionalism | $112k | $110k | $118k |
| Fellow (FSA / FCAS) | All fellowship exams (SOA track or CAS 7/8/9), Fellowship modules / DMAC / FAC | $145k | $142k | $152k |
| Chief / Appointed Actuary | FSA / FCAS, MAAA, Qualification Standards continuing education | $280k | $270k | $300k |
Approximate 2024–2025 ranges synthesized from public salary surveys (DW Simpson, Ezra Penland, BLS OES 15-2011). Actual pay varies by employer, region, bonus structure and negotiation — verify current figures before relying on them. Sources: DW Simpson Actuarial Salary Survey, Ezra Penland Actuarial Salary Survey, BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics — Actuaries (15-2011).